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- THE SUMMIT, Page 41The Men Who Made It All Work
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- Pavlov and Aronson each expected the other to be a hard-line old
- thinker. After a year of tough bargaining, they found they
- were friends
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- All that Bernie Aronson knew about Yuri Pavlov before they
- met last June had been gleaned from the transcripts of Pavlov's
- meetings with Elliott Abrams, Aronson's predecessor as State's
- top Latin American hand. In keeping with the nature of
- Soviet-American relations during the Reagan era, the
- Pavlov-Abrams sessions were contentious and polemical. Aronson
- feared he would confront a tough hard-liner -- and Pavlov felt
- the same way. Instead, each found a kindred spirit. If Pavlov
- were an American, he would probably be a liberal Democrat. The
- two diplomats now describe themselves as friends, and Aronson's
- is the only American home Pavlov has ever visited.
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- One demonstration of the trust that blossomed from their
- friendship occurred during a London meeting last August.
- Panama's Manuel Noriega wanted diplomatic relations with
- Moscow. Pavlov asked Aronson's advice, which was predictably
- negative, and the Soviets passed. In the Reagan years, it is
- unlikely that Moscow would have forgone such an advantageous
- diplomatic move simply because of U.S. sensibilities. Like many
- such small gestures, that one too registered on Bush's calculus
- of Washington's stake in Gorbachev's success.
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- Aronson, 44, grew up in a middle-class home in Rye, N.Y.
- After graduating from the University of Chicago, he became a
- VISTA volunteer in Kentucky. He later worked to overthrow the
- corrupt administration of United Mine Workers President W.A.
- (Tony) Boyle and then, back in Kentucky, he helped win a
- landmark coalworkers contract in 1974 -- an effort immortalized
- in the film Harlan County, U.S.A.
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- A Democrat who wrote speeches for Walter Mondale and Jimmy
- Carter, Aronson was also author of Ronald Reagan's 1986 address
- that rescued a $100 million aid appropriation for the contras
- by calling for a purge of their Somocista leadership. "Bernie
- was pushing for a bipartisan Central America policy long before
- it became fashionable," says Secretary of State James Baker.
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- Pavlov, 58, spent his childhood in Velikiye-Luki, a town of
- 100,000 people 250 miles west of Moscow. In 1938 his father,
- a Communist Party functionary, was accused of exploiting the
- area's peasants. He was imprisoned by Stalin's secret police,
- and his library at home was sealed. "I walked by that room
- every day," says Pavlov. "I will never forget." As soon as he
- could read, Pavlov pored through a tome on Stalin's 1930s
- trials. "From my father's experience, I knew that many had been
- unjustly treated," says Pavlov, who dates his distrust for
- dictatorships from that awakening.
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- Pavlov remembers his early schooling as little more than a
- continual drill in Marxism-Leninism. "I recall one of my
- friends being asked to analyze a political point," he says.
- "Our teacher said that two of his three observations were
- correct because they accorded with Comrade Stalin's views. But
- the third deviated from the official line. The only explanation
- for my friend's heresy, the teacher said, was that the devil
- had taken over part of his brain. That's what school was like."
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- Pavlov nonetheless made good grades and was admitted to
- Moscow's prestigious Institute for International Relations. He
- joined the Soviet foreign service in 1954. "The Gromyko years
- were drudgery," says Pavlov. "The ministry was unimaginative
- and dictatorial. With Shevardnadze, it is a constant
- intellectual debate. He is a pleasure to work for."
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- Pavlov's first ambassadorial posting was to Costa Rica in
- 1982. His five years in Central America's only true democracy
- reinforced his reformist inclinations. "The Soviet Union was
- never as closed a society as you in the West believe," says
- Pavlov. "Among friends, one's innermost thoughts have always
- been expressed. Today, with glasnost, the circle is just
- wider."
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